Diabetic Glucose

Blood Glucose Response of an Insulin Dependent Patient

This is a collection of mathematical models that predict the blood glucose levels of a type-I diabetic. These models have been used in research for blood glucose control. The objective is to predict the relationship between insulin injection and blood glucose levels. With a sufficiently accurate mathematical model of a patient, the correct insulin injection rate could be prescribed. By automating the sensing of blood glucose and the injection of insulin, this system would serve as an artificial pancreas. The following mathematical models are composed of differential and algebraic equations.

Blood Glucose Simulation with Python

Information on Diabetes Mellitus (PDF)

Type-I Diabetic with Fatty Acid Dynamics

A. Roy and R.S. Parker. Dynamic Modeling of Free Fatty Acids, Glucose, and Insulin: An Extended Minimal Model, Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 8(6), 617-626, 2006.

Simplified Type-I Diabetic

S. M. Lynch and B. W. Bequette, Estimation based Model Predictive Control of Blood Glucose in Type I Diabetes: A Simulation Study, Proc. 27th IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference, IEEE, 2001.

and

S. M. Lynch and B. W. Bequette, Model Predictive Control of Blood Glucose in type I Diabetics using Subcutaneous Glucose Measurements, Proc. ACC, Anchorage, AK, 2002.


! APMonitor Modeling Language
! https://www.apmonitor.com
! 
! Model source:
! A. Roy and R.S. Parker. “Dynamic Modeling of Free Fatty 
!   Acids, Glucose, and Insulin: An Extended Minimal Model,”
!   Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 8(6), 617-626, 2006.
!
Model human
  Parameters
    p1 = 0.068       ! 1/min
    p2 = 0.037       ! 1/min
    p3 = 0.000012    ! 1/min
    p4 = 1.3         ! mL/(min * micro-U)
    p5 = 0.000568    ! 1/mL
    p6 = 0.00006     ! 1/(min * micro-mol)
    p7 = 0.03        ! 1/min
    p8 = 4.5         ! mL/(min * micro-U)

    k1 = 0.02        ! 1/min
    k2 = 0.03        ! 1/min
    pF2 = 0.17       ! 1/min
    pF3 = 0.00001    ! 1/min
    n = 0.142        ! 1/min
    VolG = 117       ! dL
    VolF = 11.7      ! L

    ! basal parameters for Type-I diabetic
    Ib = 0           ! Insulin (micro-U/mL)
    Xb = 0           ! Remote insulin (micro-U/mL)
    Gb = 98          ! Blood Glucose (mg/dL)
    Yb = 0           ! Insulin for Lipogenesis (micro-U/mL)
    Fb = 380         ! Plasma Free Fatty Acid (micro-mol/L)
    Zb = 380         ! Remote Free Fatty Acid (micro-mol/L)

    ! insulin infusion rate
    u1 = 3           ! micro-U/min

    ! glucose uptake rate
    u2 = 300         ! mg/min

    ! external lipid infusion
    u3 = 0           ! mg/min
  End Parameters

  Intermediates
    p9 = 0.00021 * exp(-0.0055*G)  ! dL/(min*mg)
  End Intermediates

  Variables
    I = Ib
    X = Xb
    G = Gb
    Y = Yb
    F = Fb
    Z = Zb
  End Variables

  Equations
    ! Insulin dynamics
    $I = -n*I  + p5*u1

    ! Remote insulin compartment dynamics
    $X = -p2*X + p3*I

    ! Glucose dynamics
    $G = -p1*G - p4*X*G + p6*G*Z + p1*Gb - p6*Gb*Zb + u2/VolG

    ! Insulin dynamics for lipogenesis
    $Y = -pF2*Y + pF3*I

    ! Plasma Free Fatty Acid (FFA) dynamics
    $F = -p7*(F-Fb) - p8*Y*F + p9 * (F*G-Fb*Gb) + u3/VolF

    ! Remote FFA dynamics
    $Z = -k2*(Z-Zb) + k1*(F-Fb)
  End Equations

End Model

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